by religious concerns and finalities. America, therefore, is but the institutionalization as well as celebration of what Augustine describes as the City of Man. Reinhold Niebuhr and John Courtney Murray are often identified as successful attempts by Christians to respond to the challenge of modernity in its American form. George, however, thinks neither Niebuhr nor Murray successfully challenged the metaphysical and social pathologies that constitute America. Niebuhr claimed that he was following